周末在家重温了一段《朗读者》，许渊冲先生那一期，他和董卿的一席对话，曾感动无数网友，至今再看依然让人动容。
这位万众景仰的大师走上舞台，精神矍铄，声如洪钟，话语间充满了睿智与豁达。而谈起心爱的翻译，他兴致盎然，可爱得像个老顽童。翻译对他来说不是苦差事，而是人生最大的乐趣，他说：“
同一句话，我翻得比别人好，或比自己好，这就是乐趣。这个乐趣是别人夺不走的。
”不得不说，他是一位狂人，没有第二个人像他一样敢在名片上印着“书销中外百余本，诗译英法唯一人”，但他狂的有理有据：
“这是事实！1958年，我已经出版了一本中译英、一本中译法、一本英译中、一本英译法。六十年前我已经一样出一本。那个时候，
全世界没有第二个人
。”
如今已近期颐之年的他，情感丰沛尤胜许多年轻人，说到动情处依然会热泪盈眶。
林老念林徽因的《别丢掉》时哽咽
别丢掉Don’t Cast Away
林徽因（许渊冲 译）别丢掉这一把过往的热情，现在流水似的，轻轻在幽冷的山泉底，在黑夜 在松林，叹息似的渺茫，你仍要保存着那真！Don’t cast awayThis handful passion of the bygone day,Which flows like running water soft and lightBeneath the cool and tranquil fountain,At dead of night,In pine-clad mountain, As vague as sighs, but youShould e’er be true.一样是月明，一样是隔山灯火，满天的星只有人不见，梦似的挂起，你向黑夜要回那一句话——你仍得相信山谷中留着有那回音！The moon is still so bright;Beyond the hills the lamp sheds the same light.The sky besprinkled with star upon star,But I do not know where you are.It seems You hang above like dreams.You ask the dark night to give back your word,But its echo is heardAnd buried though unseenDeep, deep in the ravine.
壹
据央视称，许先生现在还会反思，觉得当年有些地方译得不当：
“我译的是Don't cast away，也是‘丢掉’，但语气重，有抛弃的意思。林徽因的感情是怀念，语气并没有那么重，翻成抛弃就不太好了。所以翻译，不能按字翻，字面上的意思都对，但感情不一定对。现在要我翻，我会译成Don't forget（别忘掉），英文的意思就缓和了。”
许老现在仍然在翻译莎士比亚，笔耕不辍。他自豪地说，已经出版了六本，交稿了十本。然后又笑道：
“说实话，翻译一本是一本，不敢吹牛，活一天是一天。如果我活到一百岁，我计划把莎士比亚翻完。”
他现在还每天工作到凌晨三、四点，对于“熬夜”，他贡献了一版颇文艺的说法，“从夜里偷点时间。”
And the best of all ways To lengthen our days Is to steal a few hours from the night... 要延长我们的白天，最好的办法，就是从晚上偷几个小时……——引自英国诗人托马斯·摩尔（Thomas More）
贰
2007年，许先生得了直肠癌， 医生说他最多只有7年生命。但就在2014年，医生说的那个生命的终点，许先生获得了世界最高翻译奖项“北极光”杰出文学翻译奖。 老先生豁达地笑说：“看见没有，这生命是自己可以掌握的。”
“生命并不是你活了多少日子，而是你记住了多少日子。要使你过的每一天，都值得记忆。”
许老最让人感动的是他对翻译保有的单纯而执着的热情，无论世事纷扰，他只默默耕耘自己一份田地，乐在其中。
，时长
06:01许先生的翻译有一大特点：就是“
再创
”，以“再创”追求美的艺术境界。在许老家书桌的正上方，悬挂着一幅老友写给他的字：
“译古今诗词，翻世界名著，创三美理论，饮彤霞晓露。”
朱光潜曾说过，“从心所欲，不逾矩”是一切艺术的成熟境界。许渊冲认为翻译也是这样：“不逾矩”求的是真，“从心所欲”求的是美，合起来便是“
在不违反求真的前提下尽量求美
”。下面，吉米老师来给大家举些例子，来看看许老是如何在翻译时做到“从心所欲不逾矩”的——唐代杜牧的《清明》相信大家都很熟悉：
清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。
许老指出，在这首诗中，“
清明时节
”不是指天气，而是悼念亡人的节日，所以不能按字面对等翻成“the Pure Brightness Day”，而要翻成“
the Mourning Day
”；“
雨纷纷
”如果光译为“it drizzles thick”传达不出原文的意境，把雨水比作眼泪则能体现哀悼之情，所以译为“
a drizzling rain falls like tears
”；“
路上行人
”不是指一般的过路人，而是特指上坟悼念死者的亲友，所以翻译为“
mourner
”；“
断魂
”译成“伤心”略轻，译成“心碎”略重，但许老认为这里“过之”胜于“不及”，所以整句译为“
a mourner's heart is going to break on his way
”；“
酒家
”不能直接译为“public house”，因为英国的酒家太热闹，而翻译为“wineshop”又可能指卖酒而不喝酒的酒店，所以需要补充为“
a wineshop to drown his sad hours
”；“
杏花村
”是酒店的名字，不能直译为“村”，所以处理为“
a cot amid apricot flowers
”（一片杏花中的小屋）.整首诗翻译如下：
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apicot flowers.
另外，《诗经》里有一首非常美的短诗——《诗经·采薇》，其中有一句描写的是战后士兵回家的情形：
昔我往矣，杨柳依依。
这句话说的是当我离家去打仗的时候，杨柳也舍不得我走。将“
杨柳依依
”翻译成了“杨柳飘扬”就不准确了，可以翻成“
When I left there , willows shed tear。
”
叁
许渊冲先生曾说过，
中英互译很难
，是英法互译难度的10倍，
中国人只能将这个最难的翻译承担下来
。
所以中国人不应该自卑，应该把翻译提高到创作的地位，建立中国学派的译论。
他说：
中文的优点不在严谨，而在诗性，所以在翻译文学方面，一定会胜过西方一筹。
最后，吉米老师附上许渊冲先生翻译的一些经典诗句，咱们一起来欣赏一下
一、
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。From hill to hill no bird in flight;From path to path no man in sight.A lonely fisherman afloat,Is fishing snow in lonely boat.——柳宗元《江雪》
二、
中华儿女多奇志，不爱红装爱武装。Most Chinese daughters have a desire strong,To face the powder and not powder the face.——毛泽东《西江月·井冈山》
三、
床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。Before my bed a pool of light;Oh can it be frost on the ground?Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.——李白《静夜思》
四、
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, so lonely, without cheer.——李清照《声声慢》
五、
日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。At sunrise riverside flowers more red than fire, In spring green river waves grow as blue as sapphire.——白居易《忆江南》
六、
感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。Grieved o'er the years, flowers make us shed tears;Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heart.——杜甫《春望》
七、
一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。At her first glance, soldiers would lose their town;At her second, a monarch would his crown.——李延年《北方有佳人》
八、
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。If one does not make good use of his youth,In vain will he pass his old age in ruth.——汉乐府《长歌行》
九、
盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语。Where brimful, brimful waves appear,They gaze but can't lay bare their heart.——《迢迢牵牛星》
十、
夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。The setting sun seems so sublime,O but 'tis near its dying time!——李商隐《登乐游原》
十一、
杳杳寒山道，落落冷涧滨。啾啾常有鸟，寂寂更无人。淅淅风吹面，纷纷雪积身。朝朝不见日，岁岁不知春。Long long the pathway to Cold Hill;Drear, drear the waterside so chill.Chirp, chirp, I often hear the bird;Gust by gust winds caress my face;Flake on flake snow covers all trace.From day to day the sun won’t swing;From year to year I know spring.——寒山《杳杳寒山道》
十
二、
关雎
Cooing And Wooing
关关雎鸠 ,
By riverside are cooing
在河之洲。
A pair of turtledoves;
窈窕淑女，
A good young man is wooing
君子好逑。
A fair maiden he loves.
参差荇菜，
Water flows left and right
左右流之。
Of cress long here, short there;
窈窕淑女，
The youth yearns day and night
寤寐求之。
For the good maiden fair.
求之不得，
His yearning grows so strong,
寤寐思服。
He can not fall asleep,
悠哉悠哉，
But tosses all night long,
辗转反侧。
So deep in love, so deep!
参差荇菜，
Now gather left and right
左右采之。
Cress long or short and tender!
窈窕淑女，
O lute, play music bright
琴瑟友之。
For the bride sweet and slender!
参差荇菜，
Feast friends at left and right
左右芼之。
On cress cooked till tender!
窈窕淑女，
O bells and drums, delight
钟鼓乐之。
The bride so sweet and slender!
十三
、
垓下歌
XIANG YU ‘ S LAST SONG
项羽
XIANG YU
力拔山兮气盖世， 时不力兮骓不逝。
骓不逝兮可奈何， 虞兮虞兮奈若何！
I could pull mountains down, oh! With main and might,
But my good fortune wanes, oh! My steed won't fight.
Whether my steed will fight, oh! I do not care.
What can I do with you, oh! My lady fair!
十
四、
绝句
A QUATRAIN
杜甫
Du Fu
两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，
Two golden orioles sing amid the willows green;
一行白鹭上青天。
A flock of white egrets flies into the blue sky.
窗含西岭千秋雪，
My window frames the snow-crowned western mountain scene;
门泊东吴万里船。
My door oft says to eastward-going ships “Goodbye!”
十五、
七步诗
WRITTEN WHILE TAKING SEVEN PACES
曹植
Cao Zhi
煮豆燃豆萁，
Pods burned to cook peas,
豆在釜中泣。
Peas weep in the pot:
本是同根生，
“Grown from same root, please,
相煎何太急。
Why boil us so hot?”
十六、
归园田居
RETURN TO NATURE
陶渊明
Tao Yuanming
种豆南山下，
I sow beans’ neath southern hill;
草盛豆苗稀。
Bean shoots are lost where weeds o’ erthepath grow.
晨兴理荒秽，
I weed at dawn though early still;
带月荷锄归。
I plod home with my moonlit hoe.
道狭草木长，
The path is narrow, grasses tall,
夕露沾我衣。
With evening dew my clothes wet,
衣沾不足惜，
To which I pay no heed at all,
但使愿无违。
If my desire can but be met.
十七、大林寺桃花Peach Blossoms in the Temple of Great Forest
白居易
Bai Juyi
人间四月芳菲尽，
All flowers in late spring have fallen far and wide,
山寺桃花始盛开。
But peach blossoms are full-blown on this mountainside.
长恨春归无觅处，
I oft regret spring's gone without leaving its trace;
不知转入此中来。
I do not know it's come up to adorn this place.
十八、
春晓
SPRING MORNING
孟浩然
Meng Haoran
春眠不觉晓，
This spring morning in bed I’m lying,
处处闻啼鸟。
Not to awake till birds are crying.
夜来风雨声，
After one night of wind and showers,
花落知多少。
How many are the fallen flowers?
十九、
早发白帝城
LEAVING THE WHITE KING’S TOWN AT DAWN
李白
Li Bai
朝辞白帝彩云间，
Leaving at dawn the White King crowned with rainbow cloud,
千里江陵一日还。
I have sailed a thousand miles through Three Georges in a day.
两岸猿声啼不住，
With monkeys’ sad adieus the riverbanks are loud;
轻舟已过万重山。
My boat has left ten thought mountains far away.
二十、
题都城南庄
Written in a Village South of the Capital
崔护
Cui Hu
去年今日此门中，
In this house on this day last year a pink face vied
人面桃花相映红。
In beauty with the pink peach blossom side by side.
人面不知何处去，
I do not know today where the pink face has gone,
桃花依旧笑春风。
In vernal breeze still smile pink peach blossoms full blown.
二十一、
绝句
A QUATRAIN
李清照
Li Qingzhao
生当作人杰，
Be man of men while you are alive;
死亦为鬼雄。
Be soul of souls e’en though you’re dead!
至今思项羽，
Think of Xiang Yu who’d not survive
不肯过江东。
His men, whose blood for him was shed.
二十二、
江南春
Spring on the Southern Rivershore
杜牧
Du Mu
千里莺啼绿映红，水村山郭酒旗风。
Orioles sing for miles amid red blooms and green trees;
By hills and rills wine shop streamers wave in the breeze.
南朝四百八十寺，多少楼台烟雨中。
Four hundred eighty splendid temples still remain;
Of Southern Dynasties in the mist and rain.
二十三、
观书有感
THE BOOK
朱熹
Zhu Xi
半亩方塘一鉴开，
There lies a glassy oblong pool,
天光云影共徘徊。
Where light and shade pursue their course.
问渠哪得清如许？
How can it be so clear and cool?
为有源头活水来。
For water fresh comes from its source.
二十四、
秋思
AUTUMN THOUGHTS
马致远
Ma Zhiyuan
枯藤老树昏鸦，
Over old trees wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;
小桥流水人家。
Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;
古道西风瘦马，
On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.
夕阳西下，
Westward declines the sun;
断肠人在天涯。
Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.
二十五、
石灰吟
SONG TO THE LIME
于谦
Yu Qian
千槌万凿出深山，
You come out of deep mountains after hammer blows;
烈火焚烧若等闲。
Under fire and water tortures you are not in woes.
粉身碎骨浑不怕，
Though poken into pieces, you will have no fright;
要留清白在人间。
You’ll purify the world by washing it e’er white.
二十六、
泊船瓜洲
MOORED AT MELON ISLET
王安石
Wang Anshi
京口瓜洲一水间，
A river severs Northern shore and Southern land;
钟山只隔数重山。
Between my home and me but a few mountains stand.
春风又绿江南岸，
The vernal wind has greened the Southern shore again.
明月何时照我还。
When will the moon shine pight on my return? O when?
二十七、
竹枝词
Bamboo Branch Song
刘禹锡
Liu Yuxi
杨柳青青江水平，
Between the willows green the river flows along;
闻郎江上唱歌声。
My gallant on the stream is heard to sing a song.
东边日出西边雨，
The west is veiled in rain ,the east enjoys sunshine.
道是无晴却有晴。
My gallant is as deep in love as the day is fine.
二十八、
过零丁洋
SAILING ON LONELY OCEAN
文天祥
Wen Tianxiang
辛苦遭逢起一经，
Delving in the Book of Change,I rose through hardship great,
干戈寥落四周星。
And desperately fought the foe for four long years.
山河破碎风飘絮，
Like willow down the war-town land looks desolate;
身世浮沉雨打萍。
I sink or swim as duckweed in the rain appears.
惶恐滩头说惶恐，
For the perils on Perilous Beach I have sighs;
零丁洋里叹零丁。
On Lonely Ocean now I feel dreary and lonely.
人生自古谁无死，
Since olden days there’s never been a man but dies;
留取丹心照汗青。
I’d leave a loyalist’s name in history only.
二十九、
别董大
FAREWELL TO A LUTIST
高适
Gao Shi
千里黄云白日曛，
Yellow clouds spread for miles and miles have veiled the day,
北风吹雁雪纷纷。
The north wind blows down snow and wild geese fly away.
莫愁前路无知己，
Fear not you’ve no admirers as you go along!
天下谁人不识君。
There is no connoisseur on earth but loves your song.
三十、
金缕衣
THE GOLDEN DRESS
劝君莫惜金缕衣，
Love not your golden dress, I pray,
劝君惜取少年时。
More then your youthful golden hours.
有花堪折直须折，
Gather sweet blossoms while you may
莫待无花空折枝。
And not the twig devoid of flowers!
